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Musings on Markets: Data Update 5 for 2022: The Bottom Line!

CFO News Room

Income from financial holdings (including cash balances, investments in financial securities and minority holdings in other businesses) are added back, and interest expenses on debt are subtracted out to get to taxable income. Returns on Invested Capital (or Equity).

Marketing 130
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Data Update 5 for 2022: The Bottom Line!

Musings on Markets

Income from financial holdings (including cash balances, investments in financial securities and minority holdings in other businesses) are added back, and interest expenses on debt are subtracted out to get to taxable income.

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Data Update 5 for 2023: The Earnings Test

Musings on Markets

Some of that variation can be attributed to different mixes of businesses in different regions, since unit economics will result in higher gross margins for technology companies and commodity companies, in years when commodity prices are high, and lower gross margins for heavy manufacturing and retail businesses.

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Marking Time: A new year, a fresh semester and its class time!

Musings on Markets

Thus, you and I can disagree about whether beta is a good measure of risk, but not on the principle that no matter what definition of risk you ultimately choose, riskier investments need higher hurdles than safer investments. That tells me three things.